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A GUIDE 



TO THE 



Columbian World's 
Fair 



CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 



Kcbi'sfti iitJtn'on 



CHICAGO ^1^ 

KNIGHT, LEONARD & CO. 

PUBLISHERS 
1892 



1>.T> 



Knight, Leonard & Co. 



Copyrighted, 

1892. 



■ GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



rnHOUSANDS of people now visit the World's Fair Grounds every 
week. They come not only from Chicago, but from all sections 
-*- of our own country, and from abroad. Some have been on the grounds 
from time to time ever since the work was begun there ; others are tourists, 
attracted more by curiosity than interest, but all go away enthusiastic over 
the scope of the colossal enterprise, and its nearness to completion in so com- 
paratively short- a time. 

The Fair Grounds cover 553 acres in Jackson Park, besides 80 acres 
in the Midway Plaisance, which connects Jackson and Washington Parks. 
The visitor who undertakes to cover this large area without following any 
definite route, is liable to become confused, and certain to have an exhaust- 
ing tramp without receiving an intelligent impression of the plan of the 
Exposition, the relations of the buildings to each other and ^'j the landscape 
gardening. 

The object of this Guide, carefully prepared by persons familiar with the 
grounds, is to enable the visitor to see the various buildings in the most 
natural sequence, with the least exertion, and. by reference to the very com- 
plete and accurate maps included in the Guide, to see at a glance the 
present condition and future plan of the great Exposition. 

The most expeditious and popular way of reaching the Fair Grounds, at 
present, is by the Illinois Central trains, which leave the stations, at the foot 
of Randolph street, at short intervals all day, stopping at Van Buren street 
three minutes later, and making the trip to South Park in twenty-five min- 
utes. Or one may go by the South Side cable line, being careful to select a 
train drawn by a Hyde Park grip-car, which discharges passengers at the rear 
platform of the Illinois Central station at the Park, after a ride of three- 
quarters of an hour from the heart of the city. The Alley Elevated railroad 
will also soon be in shape to carry people to a point very convenient to the 
Fair Grounds. 

In 1893 the various railway lines which will enter the Grounds at the 
Railway Terminus, in the southwest portion of the Park, will be supple- 
mented by numerous steamboats, running from the heart of the city. Some 
of the new steamers to be built for this line will be the largest and finest ever 
floated on the Great Lakes. Every convenience and appliance for the 
comfort and safety of their patrons will be provided, and the water route will 
undoubtedly be extremely popular with the public, as, aside from the enjoy- 
ment of the lake breezes in hot weather, a glance at the map will indicate at 
once that the view of the Exposition grounds and buildings from the lake 



p> i 







A GUIDE TO THE COLMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 5 

will be a picture of Oriental luxury and. magnificence. The graceful outlines, 
delicate coloring and rich decorations of the buildings, the artistic eflects of 
the landscape gardening, the arrangement of the wooded island and the 
lagoon the gondolas and other craft plying on this water-way, glimpses of 
statuary here and there among the shrubbery or rising majestically before 
many of the buildings, the flags of all nations fluttering in the air — all form 
an ensemble which will always be recalled with delight by the visitor. 

The provisions for railway transportation to the Exposition grounds, by 
steam, cable, electric and horse lines, are thought to be ample for the largest 
attendance that can be expected. It is estimated that 100,000 people can be 
carried to and from the ground hourly. The principal terminal point is in 
the southwestern portion of the Park, between 64th and 66th streets, with the 
Transportation Building to the north of it, and facing the Administration 
Building, which will be the first to engage the attention of most 
visitors. Within the Park the transportation facilities will be equally com- 
plete, and will include an intramural elevated railway which will skirt the 
grounds, except along the lake front, as well as various kinds of water-craft, 
which will ply over the three-mile water-route on the lagoon. 

These arrangements will make it possible to see all portions of the grounds 
thoroughly, at slight expense and with very little exertion beyond that 
involved in walking about the buildings, and even here, movable platforms, 
pleasant waiting-rooms and numerous cafes will afford ample resting-places 
for tired pedestrians. 

At present the main entrances.to the Exposition grounds are at 57th and 
62d streets. After the opening of the Fair there will be additional ones at 
59th, 60th, 64th and 67th streets, making six permanent entrances on the 
west side of the grounds, besides the piers for the steamboat companies on the 
lake shore. 



THE ART PALACE. 

BIRST to claim attention, then, is the Fine Arts Building, of pure classic 
architecture, Grecian-Ionic in style. It is 500 feet long by 300 feet in 
width, intersected on all four sides by a nave and transept 100 feet wide 
and 70 feet high, culminating in a dome 60 feet in diameter. The main 
building is entered through four great portals, the principal one, to the south, 
commanding a magnificent view across the lagoon, wooded island and main 
quadrangle. A broad flight of steps leads down to the lagoon. On either 
side are beautiful terraces, and all about the lawn in the rear and at the sides 
of the building are groups of statues and replicas of classic art. 

The main walls of the Art Palace are of solid brick, while the galleries, 
floors and roofs are of iron^ making it practically fire- proof. The main 
floor of the nave and transept will be used for the display of sculpt- 
ure, while the walls of the main floor and galleries will be used for 
showing paintings and sculptured relief panels, and the small rooms 
between the naves and the promenade without will contain coUec- 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 7 

tions of paintings loaned by private collectors and the various art 
schools. The walls of the loggia in the colonnades, connecting the 
annexes with the main building, will be decorated with mural paintings, illus- 
trative of the progress of the arts. The four great portals of the Art Palace 
will be richly ornamented with sculpture, and on the friezes of the exterior 
walls, and the pediments of the entrances, will be bas-relief portraits of Old 
Masters. A symbolic statue will surmount the dome. 

Mr. C. B. Atwood. Designer-in-Chief of the Construction Department of 
the Exposition is the architect of this structure. Its exterior is covered with 
stucco, or " staff," giving it the appearance of light grey stone. 

This " staff," is simply a sort of plaster, which may be tinted any desired 
shade, hence lends itself readily to decorative purposes. It is used for the 
exterior finish of many of the Exposition buildings, giving the appearance of 
a painted, plastered wall. 

BUILDING OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 

JUST to the south of the Art Palace, across the north arm of the lagoon, 
stands the Illinois Building. It is somewhat larger and more centrally 
located than the other state buildings, as befits that of the common- 
wealth which plays the part of host at the Fair, and Illinois has made 
ample appropriation to meet this responsibility. The designers, W. W 
Boyington & Co. of Chicago, estimate its cost at $250,000. 

The dimensions of the main building are 450 by 160 feet, with wings to 
the north and south, and a fine dome, 72 feet in diameter, which surmounts 
the center, rising to a height of 235 feet from the ground. The south wing, 
75 by 123 feet and three stories high, will contain the executive offices and 
two public halls, while in the fire-proof north wing, called " Memorial Hall," 
will be an interesting and valuable historical collection. Another feature of 
the Illinois Building will be several model schoolrooms completely equipped, 
under the supers'ision of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, illustrative 
of the state's educational methods. 

No expense will be spared to make this building attractive and beautiful. 
Within, it is well lighted and ventilated, and ornamented with fine carvings 
and statuar}^ Without, from its portals can be had some of the finest views 
across the Exposition grounds. Its wide stone steps, leading down to the 
lagoon, will be bordered with beautiful terraces, adorned with flowers, foun- 
tains and groups of statuary. 

Near its western entrance a bridge, spanning an arm of the lagoon, leads to 

THE FISHERIES BUILDING. 

rT7HIS large structure, with its two polygonal annexes, is one of the most 

picturesque buildings on the grounds. Its exterior is Spanish-Roman- 

-*- esque in style, and its decorations are unique and interesting, the designs 

throughout being of fish and other sea forms and aquatic growths. The build- 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 9 

ingwill be roofed with old Spanish tile, which will be very effective, especially 
in the main portion of the building, which has three tiers of roof. It is 
estimated that the cost of this structure will be about $2co,ooo. It was 
designed by Henry Ives Cobb, of Chicago. 

The general Fisheries exhibit will be in the central portion of the building. 
One of the polygonal wings will contain the Angling exhibit, and the other 
the Aquaria, the total water capacity of which, excluding all reservoirs, is 
140,000 gallons, or about 600 tons. 

These aquariums will contain great piles of moss-covered rocks, reeds and 
rushes, among which the fishes may dart about. The great pool, 26 feet 
across, in the rotunda, will be stocked with the most showy and beautiful 
fish — such a collection as probably never was seen before. 

About 40,000 gallons of the water capacity of the Aquaria is devoted to 
the Marine Exhibit. The pumping and distributing plant for this depart- 
ment is constructed of vulcanite, and the pumps, which are in duplicate, 
have a capacity of 3,000 gallons per hour. 

The Fisheries Building has on three sides of it branches of the lagoon, 
spanned by picturesque low bridges. The one directly before the main 
entrance leads to one of the side entrances of the 



UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 

rT7HIS covers three and a half acres. Its location is unexcelled, command- 
I ing on three sides unobstructed views of the lake, the lagoon and wooded 
-*- island and the most beautiful portion of the Exposition grounds, while 
on the south a few steps bring one to the north entrance of the main Ex- 
position Building. 

The Government Building is classic in style, and is designed to resemble 
the National Museum and other Government buildings at Washington in 
general effect, though not in detail. The original design was by Mr. Win- 
drim, who was succeeded by Mr. W. J. Edbrooke. The estimated cost is 
$400,000. 

The building has a central rotunda, surmounted by an octagonal dome, 
120 feet in diameter, and 150 feet high. The various state departments have 
been allotted space as follows: War Department, 23,000 square feet; Treas. 
ury, 10,500 square feet ; Agriculture, 23,250 square feet ; Interior, 24,000 
square feet ; Post Office, 9,000 square feet ; Fishery, 20,000 square feet. The 
Smithsonian Institute will use the remaining space for its exhibit. This last, 
with the Fisheries Commission and Interior Department, will occupy the 
north half of the building; the Postal, Treasury, Agricultural and War 
Departments will be in the south end ; the State Department from the 
rotunda to the east end of the building, and the Department of Justice from 
the rotunda to the west end. The floor of the central octagonal dome will be 
kept free from exhibits. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. II 

THE NAVAL EXHIBIT 

T lES in an arm of the long pier or breakwater, just "off shore" from 
i \ the Government Building, and naturally forms an auxiliary exhibition of 
Government resources and methods which most visitors wish to see at 
this point, before taking up the main Exposition Building. 

The unique and appropriate structure which contains the Naval display 
is modeled after one of our new coast-line battle ships. It is erected on 
piling, but has the appearance of being moored to the wharf. 

Its dimensions are those of a regulation battle-ship, which is 348 feet long, 
with a width, amidships, of 69 feet and a quarter, while from the water line 
to the main deck is a distance of 12 feet. 

In the center of this main deck a superstructure eight feet in height has 
been erected, with a hammock berthing 7 feet in height, above which the 
boats will be swung and the bridge and charthouse located. 

A tower, known as the " military mast," rises from the forward end of this 
upper structure, with two circular "tops" for sharpshooters. Rapid-firing 
guns are to be mounted up here, and above rises a flagstaff with an outfit for 
signalling. 

Below will be all the fittings of a U. S. war ship and all appliances for 
operating them. The mounted battery will have four 13-inch, eight 8-inch and 
four 6-inch breech-loading rifled cannon, besides two Gatling guns, many 
rapid-firing guns and six torpedo-guns, all placed and mounted as in a real 
ship of war. A torpedo-net is to be stretched the length of the vessel on its 
starboard side, and the usual complement of steam-cutters and launches will 
be placed about it. 

The attendants will be dressed in uniforms of our sailors from 1775 to 1848, 
since when no important changes have been made. 

The Navy Department will detail a force of men sufiicient to perfectly 
illustrate the operation of all the appliances of the vessel, the discipline and 
mode of life on board a man-of-war. 

In view of the interest in our navy which is awakening of late, and the 
plans for increasing our coast defenses, this Naval Exhibit will be — in fact 
already is — one of the most attractive features of the Exposition. 

Returning to the shore, visitors will note the life-saving station, office of the 
weather bureau and the light-house exhibit, and then will naturally turn their 
steps across the government plaza to the great building which is to contain 
the main exhibit. 

THE MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING, 

WHICH is to cost $1,500,000 is the largest exposition building ever 
erected. It covers as much ground as a good sized city park, — thirty 
and a half acres, and its great gallery, fifty feet wide, with the numer- 
ous smaller ones, give it a floor space of ten acres more for the exhibit. 
One mile of fencing would be required to enclose this building. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. I3 

The designer, Mr. George B. Post of New York, has secured an exquisite 
simplicity of outUne, in the Corinthian style of architecture, the monotony 
of its long facades being relieved by elaborate ornamentation. The succes- 
sion of window arches is broken in the center of each facade, by great 
portals and by pavilions at each corner. The four main entrances are 
designed to represent triumphal arches. Each has a height of eighty feet, 
and a width of forty. Above each portal are four sculptnied eagles eighteen 
feet high, decorating the great attic story. The pavilions at each corner of 
the building are designed in harmony with the main portals, and will be 
richl/ decorated within, with sculpture and mural paintings. A prominent 
feature of the exterior decoration of the building is the use of female figures 
symbolic of the arts and sciences. The seals of the several states, reproduced 
in heroic size are also effectually employed, and not withstanding the size 
of the building, its long lines have been so treated that it presents a very 
symmetrical appearance, and is justly considered one of the wonders of the 
Exposition grounds. Its outer walls, great fluted columns and imposing 
arches are covered with " staff" treated to represent marble. 

In the center of the building is a great hall, without columns, 386 feet 
wide by 1275 feet long. The iron trusses which support this roof spring from 
the ground on all sides and rise to a height of 210 feet. 

Continuous clearstory windows, and immense skylights in the roof will 
insure a fine light in this part of the building. 

A continuous system of naves, 107 feet wide by 115 high encircles this 
central hall. These are also lighted by clearstory windows and glazed 
roofs, and have on each side, aisles twenty-three and forty-six feet wide, re- 
spectively, over which are galleries of the same width. 

Seventeen million feet of lumber entered into the construction of the Man- 
ufactures Building. The steel trusses in the central hall weigh twelve m.illion 
pounds. Five car loads of nails were required to fasten the flooring to the 
joists. 

The Manufactures Building must be seen to be appreciated. Figures do 
not convey any clear idea of its size. 

The contents of this main building will be too varied to attempt a class- 
ification of them here. Under the head of Manufactures will be included 
chemical and pharmaceutical products, druggists' supplies, paints, colors, 
dyes, varnishes, typewriters, paper, books, furniture, upholstery and 
artistic decoration, ceramics and mosaics, marble and metal monuments, 
coffins and undertakers' supplies, art metal work, glass and glassware, stained 
glass for decoration, carvings, silverware and plate, jewelry, clocks, watches, 
etc., silk and silk fabrics, and manufactured vegetable and mineral fibres; 
manufactured and unmanufactured cotton, wool, fur, rubber and leather; 
ordnance and ammunition, lighting apparatus and appliances, vaults, 
safes, plumbing and sanitary apparatus, — everything which pertains to the 
demands of everyday life. Mr. James Allison is chief of this department. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 1 5 

rT7HE Department of Liberal Arts includes the exhibit of Education, Litera- 
ture, Engineering, Public Works, Music and the Drama. 
-^ Under the first classification will be found the department of hygiene, 

as applied to public buildmgs and private houses, workshops, factories, hotels, 
and lodging houses, hospitals etc. It will also comprise a showing of instru- 
ments and apparatus of medicine, surgery and prosthesis. Under the head 
of Primary, Secondary and Superior Education will be classed school houses 
and their fittings and appliances; domestic and industrial training schools 
for girls ; models for cooking and sewing schools : handicraft teaching, man- 
ual training, technical and apprentice schools for boys ; science teaching ; 
art teaching, education of Indians and defective classes, ( deaf . blind etc.) 
statistics and illustrations of methods of teaching in public schools. 

Other groups will be those of literature, books, journalism ; instruments 
of precision, experiment and research, and photography; civil engineering, 
public works, constructive architecture ; government and the law ; commerce, 
trade and banking; institutions for the increase and diffusion of knowledge ; 
religious organizations and systems, statistics and publications; music and 
musical instruments and the theatre. 

Dr. Selim H. Peabody, a well-known educator, is chief of the department 
of Liberal Arts. 



In the Department of Ethnology and Archaeology, which is in charge of 
Prof. F. W. Putnam, of the Smithsonian Institute, the different groups are 
classified as follows : 

Views, plans or models of prehistoric architectural monuments and habi- 
tations; furniture and clothing of aboriginal, uncivilized and but partly civi- 
lized races; implements of war and the chase; tools and implements of 
industrial operations ; athletic exercises, games ; objects of spiritual signifi- 
cance and veneration, representations of deities, appliances of worship; 
objects illustrating the progress of the nations; models and representations 
of ancient vessels, particularly of the period of the discovery of America; 
reproductions of ancient maps, charts and apparatus of navigation ; models 
and representations of ancient buildings anterior to and since the discovery 
of America. 

Another group consists of objects illustrating generally the progress of the 
amelioration of the conditions of life and labor ; woman's work ; state, 
national and government exhibits ; the North American Indian ; books and 
papers, printed in his native tongue, and other interesting exhibits, includ- 
ing a " Columbian Indian band " of sixty instruments. Portraits, busts and 
statues of great inventors, and others who have contributed largely to the 
progress of civilization will be grouped in this department. 



It will thus be seen that the main building is a whole Exposition in itself, 
and will richly repay not only hours but days of attention. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 17 

A number of cafes will be located in the building, which is delightfully 
situated on the lake front, with the lagoon at the south and rear of it, and 
thousands of visitors will daily take their ease here, enjoying the cool lake 
breezes and the beautiful views without, as well as the attractions within. 

The southeastern corner of the Exposition grounds is occupied by the 
buildings of the Department of Agriculture, which makes a very large and 
important exhibit. * 

THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING 

IS the central point of interest in this department. It faces north, but has 
portals also to the east and west, and a large annex connected with it to the 

south, all of which is nearly encircled' by water. Across the main lagoon in 
front of it is the southern entrance to the Manufactures and Liberal Arts 
Building, and from the western end is a fine view of the imposing facade of 
Machinery Hall, which may be reached by a foot bridge, or a long corridor 
further south on the main land. 

The Agricultural Building is to be one of the most elaborate on the 
Exposition grounds. Its designer was Mr, C. F. McKim, of New York. The 
style of architecture is classic renaissance. 

The building proper covers a little more than nine acres, and its annex 
and assembly hall add five acres more to the ground space covered. 

The main cornice line is 65 feet from the ground, but is relieved at the 
corners by pavilions, connected within by curtains which form a continuous 
arcade around the top of the building. Over the center is a dome 144 feet 
square and 130 feet high. 

The main entrance, adorned with fine Corinthian columns 50 feet high 
and 5 feet in diameter, opens into a vestibule from which one may enter the 
rotunda, beneath the central dome. All through the main vestibule will be 
statuary especially designed to represent the industries of Agriculture. All 
of the grand entrances will be ornamented in a similar manner, and on the 
top of each of the domes crowning the corner pavilions will be female 
figures, of heroic size, supporting mammoth globes. No other building on 
the grounds will be more lavishly adorned with examples of the sculptor's art 
than this. 

In the roomy annex, in the rear of the main building, will be an Assembly 
hall, seating 1,500 persons, where conferences can be held by persons inter- 
ested m the agricultural and live-stock interests; this annex will also contain 
pleasant waiting-rooms, a bureau of information, committee-rooms and all 
such provisions for the comfort of guests. 

The Agricultural exhibit will include a great variety of branches, which 
may be briefly summed up as follows: 

Implements for carrying on agricultural pursuits ; seeds, fertilizers, illus- 
trations of methods of planting, tilling and harvesting ; statistics of products 
and prices; examples of products in natural and manufactured conditions, 
methods of using and preserving same ; model farm buildings ; farm 




ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. I9 

management (by maps, statistics, models, etc.) ; irrigation and drainage 
methods, construction and care of roads ; systems of breeding and stock- 
feedmg and all kindred subjects of interest to the farmer. 

The Department of Agriculture also includes those exhibits which are 
shown in the Forestry and Dairy buildings, as well as the Live Stock interest. 
These' departments are of such importance, however, that each has been 
assigned a separate building in the Agricultural group. 



THE FORESTRY AND DAIRY BUILDINGS 

TIRE located a little southeast of the Agricultural Building, near the 
(g/1 lake shore. Both are very attractive structures, though of simple 
architectural design. 

The Forestry Building carries out the idea of its exhibit in a very appro- 
priate way. A veranda encircles the whole building, the columns of which, 
supporting the roof, are all of tree trunks, each 25 feet in height. These 
were contributed by the different states and territories and some foreign 
countries, and are set in place without disturbing the bark. As the most 
characteristic tree growths of different sections have been secured, the eifect 
is exceedingly beautiful and interesting. The sides of the building are made 
of slabs with the bark removed ; the doorways and window frames are treated 
in the same rustic manner, the main entrances being finished elaborately in 
various kinds of woods, contributed by different lumber companies. The 
roof will be thatched with tan and other barks. 

Upon each tree trunk in the colonnade about the building will be found 
a tablet containing the scientific and the common name of the wood, and the 
name of the state or country which contributed it, with interesting data in 
relation to its production. Upon the cornice of the veranda will be flag 
staffs, from which will flutter the colors and shields of the contributors. 

The Forestry Building, which is estimated to cost $100,000, was designed 
by Mr. C. B. Atwood, Chief Designer in the Exposition Construction Depart- 
ment. Its dimensions are 500 by 200 feet. 

Within the building will be all sorts of forest products, both in a rough 
and manufactured state ; logs and sections of trees, worked timber and 
lumber, ornamental woods for decorating and furniture, timber prepared in 
various ways to resist decay, samples of barks, wood pulp, roots, gums, etc. 



rnHE Dairy building, though small (measuring only 95 feet by 200) and to 

i cost but $30,000, will yet contain one of the most interesting exhibits. 

-•- The ground plan includes an operating-room, office headquarters and 

ample space for exhibits of butter. In the gallery, which extends about three 

sides of the operating-room, the cheese products will be shown. 

In the operating-room, which contains, at the sides, seats for 400 persons, 
the model dairy will be conducted. This room is also furnished with refrig- 
erators and cold-storage rooms for the preservation of dairy products. In the 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 21 

dairy school contests will be held between individuals, and herds of the chief 
breeds of dairy cattle, to ascertain the milk and butter producing capacities 
of each. These tests will be under the supervision of competent commis- 
sions, and the statistics thus arrived at will undoubtedly be of great value to 
the Dairy interest. 

In a part of the second story of the Dairy Building, overlooking the lake, 
will be a cafe where a dairy lunch will be served. 

LA RABIDA CONVENT. 



THE corner of the grounds between the Forestry and Dairy Buildings, and 
the long pier at the south inlet, will be occupied by the Leather Exhibit, 
the building for the great Krupp gun, which weighs one hundred and 
twenty-two tons, and beyond, the Indian school and the model of La Rabida 
Convent, erected in memory of Columbus. The situation of the latter struct- 
ure is very fortunate, being on a little peninsula formed by the lake and the 
channel to the south pond. It will be an exact reproduction of the hospi- 
table monastery which sheltered Columbus and his son, when the great 
explorer, discredited and persecuted, was forced to fly from his enemies. It 
will cost $50,000. 

THE LIVE STOCK PAVILION AND SHEDS 

/'~\CCUPY the south end of the Exposition grounds, in the rear of the Agri- 
\3y cultural Building. The pavilion stands directly in the rear of the 
^ colonnade which connects the Agricultural Building with Machinery 
Hall, while the sheds will extend westward across the south end of the 
grounds to the railway terminal stations, covering over 40 acres, and affording 
room for a very complete representation of the live-stock interest. 

In this classification will be found wild animals as well as domestic ones, 
poultry, birds of all countries, alive or stuffed, Taxidermy, insects and insect 
products, such as those of the silk worm and cochineal bug, with data as to 
collecting and caring for animals, birds and insects. Various horse, dog and 
cattle shows will be held in the Live Stock Pavilion during the Exposition. 

MACHINERY HALL, 

IN the southwestern section of the grounds, covers with its annex, nearly 16 
acres, just south of the Admmistration Building, and near the Railway Ter- 
minal Station. The machinery power house, pumping works and machine 
shops cover over two acres more. Most of the ornamentation of this build- 
ing is confined to the front, which is exceedingly handsome. The sides 
toward the railroad tracks and stock exhibit will be plainly finished, in keep- 
ing with their surroundings. 

The building is designed in Spanish renaissance style, by Mr. R. S. 
Peabody of Boston, and is expected to cost over a million dollars. Its inte- 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 

rior arrangement is that of three railroad train houses, side by side, sur- 
rounded on all sides by a gallery 50 feet wide. Steam power supplied from 
an adjoining power house will be used throughout the main building and 
annex. The model for the construction of the annex is a mill or foundry. 
This will be built in a very inexpensive manner, with a nave 100 feet wide, 
a 50 foot lean-to within and another on the outside. 

In the Machinery Building will be shown all sorts of motors and appar- 
atus ior the generation and transmission of power — hydraulic and pneumatic 
apparatus, such as boilers, water wheels, hydraulic rams, steam, air and gas 
engines; pumps, diving apparatus, ice machines and refrigerating apparatus, 
fire engines and appliances, machinery and tools for working metals, 
machinery for the manufacture of textile fabrics and clothing, machines for 
workmg wood; type-setting apparatus, printing, stamping, etc., and for 
paper working and making books, lithographing, photographing and other 
mechanical processes of illustrating, machines for working stone, clay and 
other minerals, and machinery used inthe preparation of foods. 

Spccia American machinery and tools for wood-working and cai^ving will 
form an interesting group in the Machinery Department, showing the perfec- 
tion to which this delicate art has been carried in this country. 

Another important exhibit will be that of machinery used in the manufac- 
ture of American silks. 

Among labor-saving devices will be a coffee-weighing machine, which 
not only measures out the coffee, but turns out a finished paper bag from a 
piece of brown paper, and deposits it, filled and sealed, weighing exactly a 
pound. 

THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, 

rT7HE gem of the whole collection of beautiful structures, stands a little 
apart from its neighbors, in the southwestern part of the grounds, and 
-*- will have a wide lawn on all sides. Tb the south is Machinery Hall, and 
to the north the buildings of Mines and Electricity. It will be the first build- 
ing to attract the attention of visitors who come in at the Railway Terminal 
Station, and is designed to serve as a monumental vestibule of the Exposition, 
at its main entrance, furnishing the key-note to the whole color scheme and 
artistic significance of the grounds and buildings. 

The view from the eastern entrance of the Administration Building, down 
the main basin to Lake Michigan, is especially fine, including the electric 
fountain at the head or west end of the basin, the statue, " The Republic," at 
its lower end, and beyond that the archway of the grand peristyle. 

The plan of the building is of four pavilions, each sixty-five feet high, 
which are Doric in style. The second story, fifty feet in height, which unites 
the pavilions in the centre of the buildings, is Ionic. Above this rises the 
grand dome to a height of 277 >^ feet. It will be gilded without, and within, 
for richness of decoration, is intended to surpass anything of a similar character 
in the world. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 25 

Its under side is embellished with rich panels filled with sculpture in low 
relief, and great paintings representing the Arts and Sciences. Throughout 
the whole building no expense will be spared to secure the most luxurious 
fittings and ornamentation. Rich stained glass, delicate wood-carving, stat- 
uary, paintings, mosaic work, rich hangings, all will combine to show how 
Occidental taste and skill can rival Oriental splendor. 

The building has four great entrances, each 50 feet wide and 50 feet in 
height, deeply recessed and elaborately ornamented. Within these arches 
are the entrance doors, with great glass screens above, which assist in light- 
ing the rotunda. Connecting each pavilion with this rotunda is a loggia 30 
feet square, from which broad stairways and commodious elevators give 
access to the offices above. 

The Administration Building covers an area but 260 feet square, yet it 
will cost $450,000. It was designed by Mr. Richard M. Hunt, President of 
the American Institute of Architects, and will fittingly represent to the world 
the Exposition management. 

ORNAMENTATION OF THE MAIN BASIN. 

rnHE MacMonies fountain will stand at the head of the main basin, while 
' I at its eastern end, just within the grand Peristyle, which connects the 
-^ Casino and Music Hall, and forms the imposing water entrance to the 
grounds, will stand Mr, Daniel C. French's symbolic statue of "The Re- 
public." 

Both of these features of the decoration in the central court deserve special 
mention, as does also the quadriga, which Mr. French has designed to sur- 
mount the great archway in the center of the colonnade or peristyle. 

The fountain was made in Paris, at a cost of $50,000. Its waters will be 
illuminated by electricity, and will reflect all the colors of the rainbow, shift- 
ing and merging into many beautiful combinations. It will be a thing of 
beauty, of which visitors to the grounds will never tire. 

Facing it, from the east end of the basin, will rise the majestic figure of 
" The Republic," which has become somewhat familiar to the public already 
through prints which have been published. None of them, however, do 
justice to the dignity and impressiveness of the sculptor's conception, nor the 
method of its treatment. The figure will be sixty feet high, the feet firmly 
planted, the head finely poised, bespeaking repose rather than aggressiveness, 
the drapery falling in massive folds, almost in straight lines, from either 
shoulder, and both hands uplifted, one clasping a spear, the other holding 
aloft a globe. " Monumental grandeur is the keynote of this work," a well- 
known critic has said. In addition to its own heroic size, the figure will stand 
upon a pedestal about 30 feet high, which probably will be gilded. The cost 
of the completed statue is estimated at $25,000. 

The grand Peristyle is 600 feet long, 50 feet wide and 66 feet high, except 
where its central arch culminates in the quadriga, also by Mr. French. 

The Peristyle is composed of shafts representing the states and territories. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. T] 

each bearing its appropriate coat of arms and a symbolic figure. In the 
center is the grand portal, dedicated to Columbus, and bearing the names of 
the>^orld's great explorers. Surmounting this arch is the four-horse chariot, 
or quadriga, j ust referred to, driven by a figure of Victory, the whole symbolic 
of civic triumph. A female figure, advancing between each pair of horses, 
■guiding them to the right and left, forms a pleasing departure from the con- 
ventional style of treatment. 

CASINO AND MUSIC HALL. 

rjlHE Peristyle terminates, on the south, in the Casino at the head of the 

steamboat pier, i,oco feet long. Here one may lunch, listen to open-air 

-*- concerts and rest at leisure. The Bureau of Public Comfort will have 

headquarters oii the ground floor. The structure is 260 feet long by 140 

feet in width. 

Music Hall, at the north end of the peristyle, is of the same dimensions 
as the Casino, and has a seating capacity of 2,000. 

Provision has been made for an orchestral chorus of 420, rooms for soloists, 
and all necessary accommodations for a complete concert hall. 

Mr. C. B. Atwood, .designer of the Art Palace, is the architect of the 
Music Hall and Casino, as well as the connecting Peristyle. The estimated 
cost of the three is $300,000. 

THE ELECTRICAL BUILDING. 

rT7HE building devoted to the display of Electrical appliances was designed 
by Messrs. Van Brunt & Howe, of Kansas City. Its style of architecture 
^ is Italian renaissance, and its exterior walls, like those of many other 
buildings, are so treated with stucco as to resemble marble. The building 
covers an area of 700 feet by 345, or about five and a half acres, its major 
axis running north and south. It faces the south end of the Manufactures 
Building on the east, the Mines Building on the west, and has the Main 
Quadrangle, and a branch of the lagoon to the south and north of it respect- 
ively. Its estimated cost is $375,000. 

At each of the four corners is a pavilion, surmounted by a light, open 
spire^ and between each of these corner pavilions is a low, square dome, over 
an open lantern. 

An open portico will extend the length of the south facade, the Ionic 
order of the lower story forming an open screen in front of it. 

Its ornamentation will be symbolic of the science which it represents, and 
besides statues and paintings there will be tablets commemorating the work 
of men eminent in the annals of electrical history. Before the south en- 
trance will stand a fine statue of Benjamin Franklin, by Rohl-Smith, to cost 
$3,000. 

The general plan of the interior is a longitudinal nave, 115 feet wide and 
114 feet in height, crossed in the middle by a transept of the same dimen- 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 29 

sions. The roof of the nave and transept will be pitched at an angle which will 
permit a row of skylights below the pitch, while the rest of the building will 
have a flat roof, with ample skylights. 

The second story, reached by four great staircases, will consist of a 
serie's of galleries, connected by two bridges at the nave. The galleries will 
furnish a floor space of 2.7 acres, besides affording excellent points of vant- 
age for viewing the exhibit, which will doubtless prove the most brilliant one 
of all. 

The Electrical classification covers apparatus illustrating the phenomena 
and laws of electricity and magnetism; apparatus for electrical measurements; 
electric batteries, primary and secondary machines and appliances for 
producing electrical currents by mechanical power — dynamical electricity, 
transmission and regulation of the electric current; electric motors; applica- 
tion of electric motors; lighting by electricity; heating by electricity; 
electro-metallurgy and electric-chemistry; electric forging, welding, stamp- 
ing, tempering, brazing, electric telegraphing and signal phones and phon- 
ographs and their appliances: electricity in surgery, dentistry and thera- 
peutics ; application of electricity in new and novel ways ; history and statis- 
tics of electrical invention; progress and development, illustrated by models 
and drawings from various countries. 

THE MINES AND MINING BUILDING 

IS just west of the Electrical Building, and from the northern portals of either 
may be had one of the finest views of the lagoon and wooded island, 
the Fisheries 'and Illinois Buildings beyond, and, to the west, the Horti- 
cultural and Woman's Buildings. 

The structure is 700 feet long by 350 wide, covering about five and a half 
acres of ground space. Its architect is Mr. S. S. Beman of Chicago, and 
its estimated cost, $350,000. The building is but one story in height, its 
main cornice line being sixty-five feet from the ground, varied here and 
there by the corner domes and the elevations of the main entrances, which 
are no feet high and 32 feet wide. Its general style is Italian renaissance, 
modified to meet the demand of a great Exposition edifice. 

Its interior plan is simple, the ground floor being devoted to vestibules, 
waiting-rooms, restaurants etc. 

At the sides of each entrance great flights of stairs lead to the galleries, 
which are 65 feet wide and 25 feet above the ground floor, lighted on the 
sides by large windows, and from above by a high clear-story extending 
around the building. 

Richly decorated arcades will form an open loggia between the main 
entrance and the corner pavilions, and a promenade on the gallery floor 
above. These promenades are each 25 feet wide and 230 feet long, and are 
furnished with entrances to the building at short distances. The loggias will 
be faced with vari-colored marbles, which will be considered part of the min- 
ing exhibit. The ceilings will be heavily coffered and richly decorated. The 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR: 3I 

exterior ornamentation will be massed at the prominent points of the facade. 
The exhibit of the Department of Mines, Mining and Metallurgy will in- 
clude minerals, ores, native metals, gems and crystals, geological specimens, 
coal, coke, petroleum, natural gas, building-stones and quarry products, 
graphite and its products, limestone, cement and artificial stone, salts, sul- 
pher, fertilizers, metallurgy of iron and steel, with the products ; metallurgy 
of tin, zinc, and other metals ; extraction of gold, silver and lead by various 
methods; mining machinery, tools and appliances; a showing of the history 
and literature of mining and metallurgy, illustrated with maps, relief models, 
charts etc., originals or reproductions of early and notable implements and 
apparatus used in mining and metallurgy. 

THE WOODED ISLAND. 

nnHE introduction of interior water-ways through the Fair Grounds is a 
feature both novel and delightful, and one which has not been used, 
-*- to any extent, at previous Expositions. 

The happy thought of a central pleasure gi'ound, dedicated solely to rest 
and recreation, and wholly free from any suspicion of commercial enterprise, 
is original with the management of the great Fair of '93. 

The Wooded Island lies right in the heart of the Fair Grounds, and is en- 
circled by a romantic lagoon. It is reached from the mainland by four or five 
low bridges, which gracefully arch the water-way, connecting the island with 
the plazas before the Horticultural Building, the Mines and Electricity build- 
ings and at the west end of the Fisheries annex. 

The island contains sixteen acres, its greatest length being from north to 
south, its greatest width across the south end, where the rose garden will be 
located, and thousands of varieties of the queen of flowers will nod their 
graceful heads and scatter perfume on the wings of the summer breezes. 

That part of Jackson Park, which is now the island, did not bear any 
large trees, and it was not deemed best to attempt the use of any in the 
landscape gardening, as they would obstruct the view across the grounds; but 
instead masses of low shubbery, varied with small trees, which furnish the 
necessary shade, have been so effectively used, that the island is not only a 
most picturesque and attractive resort, but an excellent foil for the structures 
which border the lagoon about it. 

It will be a charming bit of woodland, untouched by the busy life of the 
miniature city which surrounds it. Wild flowers will blossom along its shady 
paths, where rustic benches invite weary visitors to rest, and all about its 
irregular shores mosses, water-plants and grasses dip into the waters of the 
lagoon so naturally that it is difficult to realize that the whole is the work of 
Art rather than Nature, and owes its existence to the artistic taste of the 
landscape gardeners. If the perfection of art be to conceal art, the island is 
certainly a brilliant triumph. 

In the extreme north end will be an exact reproduction, in stone, of an 
ancient Japanese temple, which will be erected by native workmen, now in 



'XV X^vV^vC -==5 < Pi,. 




A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 33 

this country, by authority of the Japanese government, and will be sur- 
rounded by a garden, laid out by native artists. There will be a tea-house 
in the garden, where cups of that fragrant Japanese beverage will be made 
and served by native attendants, en costume. This is the only concession 
made for an exhibit on the island, and at the close of the Exposition the 
Japanese govertiment will formally present the temple to the city, to be per- 
petually maintained, as a token of the cordial relations existing between 
Japan and America. 

From different points of vantage on the island one can see the Horticul- 
tural Building to the west, its flower-bordered terraces leading down to the 
lagoon. North of it is the Woman's Building, and on the south the mag- 
nificent "Golden Door" of the Transportation Building commands a fine 
view across the island and lagoon to the great main building of the Exposi- 
tion. From the plaza before the north entrances of the Mines and Electrical 
buildings an unobstructed view of the whole length of island and lagoon can 
be had, across the north basin to the white portals of the Art Palace, gleam- 
ing on its further shore, while on the east rises the dome of the U. S. Gov- 
ernment Building, and south of that the west fagade of the Building of 
Manufactures and Liberal Arts borders the lagoon for half its length. 

One or two tiny islands, only large enough to bear a shrub or two, lie close 
to the shore of the island, in the east channel, while on a strip of ground in 
the northwest shoulder of the lagoon a cabin is being erected, to be known as 
the Hunter's Camp. 

The main lagoon, which encircles the island, has displaced twenty-three 
acres of land, and is the largest of the eight divisions of the interior water- 
ways at the grounds, the total area of which is sixty-one acres. 



THE TRANSPORTATION BUILDING 

IS appropriately situated near the Railway Terminal Station. It is one of the 
group forming the northern architectural court of the Exposition grounds, 

and from its cupola, reached by eight elevators, can be had the best view of 
the northern court and the combined eff'ect of the buildings about the lagoon 
and their relations to the landscape gardening. 

The architecture of the Transportation Building is very simple in design, 
on the Romanesque order, but the treatment of details is very rich. The 
severity of its long facade is relieved by the continuous lines of window arches, 
varied by many minor entrances, while the beauty and richness of its main 
entrance will be unsurpassed by that of any building on the grounds. This 
portal, a massive single arch, will be elaborately ornamented with carvings, 
mural painting and bas reliefs. It will be treated entirely in leaf, and called 
" The Golden Door." The remainder of the building is a continuous arcade, 
serving as a proper contrast and foil for the magnificence of the facade. 
Messrs. Adler & Sullivan, of Chicago, are the architects of this structure. 







"-^l 



^>^\ir 






1 V 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD S FAIR. 35 

The interior design follows that of a Roman basilica, having a nave and 
broad aisles. Xhe roof is in three divisions, the central one much higher than 
the side ones, and culminating in a cupola, 165 feet from the ground. The 
building covers five acres and a half, being 960 feet long by 256 feet wide, 
and IS to cost about $280,000. Besides its main building, the Trans- 
portation exhibit will fill an annex, which is to cover nine acres. The annex 
will consist of a one-story frame building, where the larger engines, etc., will 
be placed. There will be railroad tracks at intervals of 16 feet through this 
annex, for the purpose of showing the making up and uncoupling of trains 
and the operation of various patents. 

Along the nave which forms the central avenue, will be seen an imposing 
display of engines, placed facing each other the length of the building. 

The Transportation exhibit, which includes every known vehicle from 
engines and steamboats down to baby carriages and pneumatic lubes for 
conveying mail matter, is classihed in groups as follows : 

Railways, railway plant and equipment; street car and other short line 
systems ; miscellaneous and special railways ; vehicles and methods of trans- 
portation on common roads; aerial, pneumatic and other forms of transpor- 
tation; vessels, boats, marine, lake and river transportation; naval warfare 
and coast defense. 

One very interesting and significant feature of this exhibit will be a 
model of the first American railway train, drawn by the engine •' Mohawk," 
which ran between New York City and Troy, over the Mohawk & Hudson 
Railroad, in 1848 and succeeding years. Neither the locomotive nor cars are 
now in existence, but the New York Central Railroad. Company is in posses- 
sion of sufficient information to accurately reproduce them, in full sized 
models. The sharp contrast between the clumsy small cars, resembling stage 
coaches, and the elegant appointments of the modern vestibuled train of 
to-day, with its drawing-room, sleeping and dining cars, its library, barber 
shop, bath and smoking rooms, emphasies strongly the great advances made 
in railroading during the last half century. 

HORTICULTURAL HALL. 

rT7HE Horticultural Building stands on the western boundary of the Expo- 
J " sition grounds proper, with the Transportation Building for its neighbor on 
-•- the south, and the Woman's Building just to the north of it. The Hor- 
ticultural Building is 1,000 feet long, the plan of its construction being that of 
two end pavilions and a central one, connecting by front and rear curtains, 
forming two interior courts, each 270 by 88 feet. These courts will be decor- 
ated in color and filled with flowers and ornamental shrubs. The central 
pavilion is 113 feet high, and under its crystal dome will be grouped the 
tallest bamboos, tree ferns and palms that can be secured. 

Provision will be made for heating such portions of the building as require 
it on account of the delicate nature of their contents. Those exhibits re- ^ 
quiring sunshine will be located in the rear curtains, where the roof is of 
glass. Under the galleries and in the front curtains will be the more hardy 















f '-i^c:« 




A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 2)] 

plants, shrubs and vines. The building will be filled with the most rare, 
beautiful and interesting products of the departments of horticulture, viti- 
culture, pomology and floriculture. The galleries of the end pavilions will 
contain cafes, charmingly located and surrounded by an arcade on three 
sides. On the terrace, in front of the building, are tanks for Nymphaea, Vic- 
toria Regia and other aquatic plants. Below, following the gentle slope of 
the lawn to the water, the low parapet forms a picturesque boat landing. 

Mr. W. L. B. Jenney, of Chicago, is the designer of this building; it 
covers, with its eight greenhouses, a little over six acres, and is to cost 
$300,000. 

THE WOMAN'S BUILDING. 

T^ORTH of Horticultural Hall, near the 57th street entrance to the Park, 
Xy stands the Woman's Building, a unique structure, in that it was designed 
by a woman, Miss Sophia Hayden, of Boston, is directed by a council of 
women, and erected for the purpose of displaying women's work, — circum- 
stances which never before governed the erection of a similar building. 

It measures 400 by 200 feet, covering nearly two acres, and will cost 
$200,000. It is of Italian renaissance style of architecture, and two stories in 
height, the first, Doric, the second, Ionic, in design. The simplicity of its 
outline is relieved by the use of free standing Corinthian columns at the main 
entrance and pavilions at the ends and in the center. 

The hrst story is about ten feet above the ground line, and a wide stair- 
case leads to the center pavilion, which forms the main, triple-arched entrance, 
with an open colonnade in the second story. A lobby 40 feet wide leads from 
the main entrance into an open rotunda, surrounded by a two story arcade, 
which gives the effect of an Italian courtyard, and serves to light the rooms 
opening upon this court. 

On the first floor, the principal gallery will be 240 by 60 feet, and will con- 
tain a model hospital and kindergarten, each 80x60 feet in dimensions. To 
the left, in the south pavilion, will be placed the "retrospective exhibit" of 
colonial relics, antique silver, old fans, 'laces and kindred articles, while in 
the north wing a space of similar area will be reserved for exhibits, by sta- 
tistics and relief models, ot the philanthropic, charitable and reformatory 
work of women all over the world. The library and bureau of information 
and records will be located in the curtain opposite the main entrance. 

The second story will contain ladies' parlors, committee-rooms and dress- 
ing-rooms, waiting-rooms, etc., all leading to the open balcony in front. The 
great assembly and clubroom occupies the second floor of the north pavilion, 
and in the south one will be the model kitchen, refreshment and reception- 
rooms. 'I'here will be a roof garden on the low Italian roof of the end 
pavilions. 

There will be a library of books written by women, a bureau of statistics 
in regard to women's occupations, headquarters for press correspondents, a 
clubroom for exhibitors, and an assembly-room, before referred to, 80 by 120 
feet. The sculpture, mural paintings, and wood carving in and about the 
building will be the work of women artists. 



38 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



Miss Alice Rideout, of San Francisco, received the award of the sculpture 
work for the Woman's Building. 

Miss Enid Yandell, of Kentucky, and several young Chicago artists, 
students in our Art Institute school, have also commissions for work in the 
building. 

The women of Montana sent the silver nail (the last used on the building) 
which was driven by Mrs. Potter Palmer, president of the Board of Lady 
Managers, while from the women of many other states and from foreign coun- 
tries have come offers of treasures in stained glass, wood carving, tapestries, 
material and decorations for the Woman's Building. 







ARKANSAS STATE BUILDING. 



It is the intention of the Board of Lady Managers to admit to the 
Woman's Building only such work of women as really merits the distinction, 
and to make the fact of admission equivalent to an award. To secure the 
high standard of excellence desired the Board urge that " no sentimental 
sympathy " of women for women shall be permitted to sway the committee 
which passes on these admissions, but, since the applications for space are 
already overwhelming, that it shall rigidly adhere to the design of the 
management, with the result that only productions of intrinsic merit shall 
be shown, thus stimulating women artists, artisans and workers in all lines, 
and raising the standard of excellence for the future. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 39 



ARKANSAS STATE BUILDING. 

Last March the Arkansas World's Fair Association called for competitive 
designs for a state building, and a number of designs were submitted by the 
architects of the state, that of Mrs. Jean Loughborough Douglass being given 
preference by the Board ; her designs were accepted and she was made 
superintendent of the construction of the building, this being the only build- 
ing on the grounds, except the Woman's building, under the direct super- 
vision of a woman. 

The object of the design was to carry out as far as possible the Rococo 
style of architecture, as Arkansas was first settled by the French. 

On the 15th of August the contract for the erection of the building was let 
for $12,840, and the building will be completed by November 20, 1892. 

The space assigned Arkansas by the Construction Department is 125 by 75 
feet, and is just northeast of the Fifty-seventh street entrance to Jackson Park. 
It lies between the sites of Minnesota and Florida, and is opposite the Kansas 
State Building. 

The Arkansas state building is 92 by 66 feet, and has an elliptical en- 
trance from a large circular veranda on the first floor. Beside the entrance 
lobby, 29 by 16 feet, the first floor contains a rotunda 30 by 30 feet, lighted by 
a central dome. Three rooms, 15 by 15 feet, on each side of the rotunda, 
five of which will be used as exhibit rooms, and the registry room on the right 
of the entrance lobby. Opening from the rotunda, by triple arches, is the 
hallway, 11 by 55 feet, with the two stairways, one at each end. 

At the rear of the building is the Assembly Hall, 66x25 feet, which is 
entered by triple arches from the hallway. Opposite the arched entrance 
there will be a mantel ten feet long, of Arkansas white onyx, from the 
northern part of the state. 

On the second floor are the ladies' and gentlemen's parlors, library, com- 
mittee rooms, etc., all leading into the broad, open gallery which surrounds 
the rotunda and is lighted by the skylight above. 

The design follows classical models throughout, the detail ornamentation 
being entirely Rococo. The exterior covering is plaster, with ornamen- 
tation in staff, the whole of the surfaces being afterward tinted with 
some light color. The interior will be tinted and decorated, and all orna- 
mental staff work will be brought out in gold. 

The chief attraction in the Arkansas Building will be the fountain, par- 
tially composed of Hot Springs crystals and illuminated by electricity. This 
fountain will be the gift of the ladies of Hot Springs, and will be placed in 
the center of the rotunda ; its basin being ten feet in diameter. 

The exhibit of the resources of the state will be held in the rooms on 
either side of the rotunda, while the assembly hall will be used as a meeting 
place for the members of the state. 



40 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



IOWA. 

Several years ago, before there was any thought of a Columbian Exposition, 
the South Park Commissioners of Chicago erected a picturesque stone struc- 
ture, known as " The Shelter," on the lake shore, in the north end of Jackson 
Park. " The Shelter " is 123 feet long by 77 feet wide, with conical towers, 
or pavilions at the corners. It is of granite, with a slate roof. The lot con- 
taining this structure was assigned to Iowa, with permission to make such 
changes and additions as might be desired, provided that, at the close of the 
Exposition, '' The Shelter " should be restored to its former condition. 



ij|il4; ^ 




OSSE N A TAYLOR CO. 

ARCHITE 
CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA. 



The Josselyn & Taylor Company, architects, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, de- 
signed the addition to the original pavilion in such a manner as to give the 
two portions the appearance of entire unity of design. The completed struc- 
ture is in French chateau style. The dimensions of the addition are 60X 100 
feet. 

On the first floor will be reception rooms, commissioners' offices, bureau 
of information, committee room, post-office, writing and parcel rooms. 

The second story will contain the assembly hall, photographic exhibit, 
reading room and press headquarters. There will be a storage room in the 
attic. 

A register, alphabetically arranged, will be kept to record the names of 
visitors and their stopping-places in the city, so that lowans may keep track 
of each other; besides which, every possible facility will be afforded by the 
bureau of information for promoting sociability, and providing for the com- 
fort of guests. 

" The Shelter " will be used for the State Collective Exhibit of Natural 
Products, which will show forth Iowa's wealth of natural resources, without 
competing for premiums. 

The building, with changes necessary in the pavilion, will cost about 
$35,000. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



41 



CALIFORNIA. 

The designer of the California Building is Mr. A. Page Brown, of New 
York. The structure is modeled after the early mission style. It is 500 feet 
in letigth, by i to feet at its greatest width. The main cornice line is 50 feet 
from the ground, while to the top of the central dome is 80 feet. At the 
main entrances and each corner are quaint belfry towers, in some of which 
will be hung old Spanish bells, which called the faithful to prayer years 
and years ago in old California. 

On one portion of the roof will be a garden, where visitors may take their 
ease in the shade of tropical palms and vines. The w'alls of the building will 
be treated in imitation of adobe, and the roof finished with deep red earthen- 
ware tiles, overlapping each other in ancient Spanish style. 

The 60,000 feet of ground floor space will be used as an exhibition hall, 
where the fine collection of the State Mining Bureau Museum, the State 
Geological Survey, the wine and fruit exhibits may be seen, as well as the 
great railway car made of the trunk of one of the big trees of Tulare county 
— a "sequoia giganta." The offices of the state executive department will 
be located in the balcony. The state appropriation for the display was 
$300,000. The estimated cost of the building is $75,000 




CALIFORNIA STATE BUILDING. 

The California building occupies one of the largest lots in the States 
Resers^ation . It stands near the western limit of the grounds, just south of 
57th street entrance, commanding views of the Art Palace and Illinois 
building, and the North Pond. 

OHIO. 

The Ohio State building is located just west of the Art Palace. It is a 
type of the Italian renaissance style, and designed by Mr. James W. 
McLaughlin, of Cincinnati. Its estimated cost is $30,000. 

The building measures 100 feet across the front and 80 feet in depth, ex- 



42 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



elusive of porticoes and bow- windows. A broad terrace extends the entire 
length of the main fa5ade. From the vestibule the visitor enters the recep- 
tion hall, an apartment 24 feet by 26, which penetrates the second story, 
with a groined or vaulted ceiling above. From a gallery in the second story 
visitors can get a good bird's-eye view of the interior of the building. 

There are spacious rooms for the commissioners, ladies and gentlemen's 
parlors, writing and smoking rooms on the ground floor, with a bureau of in- 
formation, parcel and toilet rooms. 

On the second floor will be headquarters for Ohio press correspondents, 
and other apartments. 




•^S^?^SS^*^ 



OHIO STATE BUILDING. 



The exterior of the building is of a simple, dignified character. The roof 
is of red tiles from New Philadelphia, Ohio, and buckeyes, moulded in 
stucco, will form the motif ol decoration in the main hall. Over the large 
recessed fire-place in the main hall the coat-of-arms of the state will appear 
in ornamental stained glass. Other windows of a similar character about the 
building will bear the names of men whom the whole nation, as well as the 
Buckeye State, delights to honor 



MAINE. 

The exhibit of the State of Maine will be found in the various depart- 
ments of the main Exposition buildings, to nearly all of which the state has 
been a liberal contributor. 

An official headquarters and club house is being erected on a lot close to 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



43 




>Vm„1..„„ 



MAINE STATE BUILDING. 



the lake shore, in line with the Massachusetts and Vermont Buildings, where 
visitors from Maine and their friends will be welcomed and made to feel at 
home. It will be built of native granite, and its estimated cost is $10,000. 
Mr. Chas. S. Frost, of Chicago, is the architect. 



44 A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 

NEW YORK. 

The New York State building is of a substantial design, appropriate for the 
official headquarters of one of the oldest and wealthiest states in the Union. 
It was designed by Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, of New York, city, 
architects of the Agricultural Building. 

The building is in the style of the Italian renaissance, a villa in character, 
rectangular in form, approached on the south by a flight of fourteen steps, 46 
feet wide, giving access to a grand terrace, 15 by 80 feet, from which the 
loggia, or open vestibule, 46 feet by 17 feet 6 inches, is reached. 

In the selection of the style of the building, the architects and Board of 
Managers were guided by several conditions of climate and surroundings, and 
finally decided that the Italian renaissance school would compare most favor- 
ably with the larger Exposition buildings ; hence it was adopted. 

Partaking of the domestic as well as the palatial style, the building will 
not only be the headquarters of New York people at the Fair, but also a 
most comfortable place for the reception and entertainment of distinguished 
foreign guests. 

The semi-circular porticoes, east and west, have a diameter of 50 feet in 
the form of an exedra, and the uncovered portion, furnished with the fountain, 
will be a unique feature of the building. 

It is proposed to place a bust of Washington upon the key block over the 
main entrance and at either side, those of the first and the present governors 
of the state. The main floor of the building consists of the vestibule referred 
to, a grand staircase hall, with a dome ceiling 46 feet from the floor, a small 
reception room, a suite of three drawing rooms, smoking, writing and read- 
ing rooms, lavatory and coat room, post-office and telegraph and telephone 
service, and bureau of information. 

The second floor will contain a large hall, 84 feet long, 46 feet wide and 

45 feet in height; on the west of which will be the room reserved for the Board 
of Lady Managers. There will also be roomy offices for the General Man- 
agers' Board and the Board of District Commissioners. 

The entrance to the building is flanked by the Barbarini lions recently 
cast in Rome, selected in preference to the lions of the Villa Medici, \vhich 
however fine, are inferior in size. The four pedestal lamps lighting the ter- 
race are exact copies in bronze of antique examples in the Museum at Naples, 
and are richly sculptured. 

Another striking feature of interior adoi'nment will be the arrangement of 
the electric lights, in a belt course, marking the second story floor, and out- 
lining the arched entrance, above which the great seal of the State of New 
York, 10 feet high, will be illuminated by a myriad of tiny lamps set close 
together. 

A second line of illumination will accent the main cornice, and similar 
ones will define the edge of the roof garden, and the arches,- angles and cor- 
nices of the two belvederes. Finally, a cluster of lights will illuminate the 
bases of the flag-poles. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



45 



The New York Building stands on a boulevard, which is a continuation 
of Fifty-seventh street, extending east and west through the north end of the 
park. It faces south across the lawn in the rear of the Art Palace, and has 
the Massachusetts and Pennsylvania Buildings for its neighbors, respectively, 
on the east and west, with the Delaware Building in the rear. 

The building proper covers an area of 14,538 square feet, while the porticoes 
and terrace cover an additional area of 3,676 square feet. 

KANSAS. 

" Kansas will be there," seems to be the motto of the Board of Managers 
who represent popular sentiment toward the Fair in that state. 

The architect, Mr. Seymour Davis, and the contractors, Messrs. 



'"^-yr 




KANSAS STATE BUILDING. 



Fellows & Vansant, are all residents of Topeka. Their plans provide for a 
building most unique in appearance, situated on a pleasant avenue in the 
north end of the grounds, convenient to the Fifty-seventh street entrance. 
The structure is about 139 feet in length by 135 feet wide, cruciform'in shape, 
and two stories high, except the rear extension. It will be admirably lighted 
by an elliptical crystal dome, 58 feet high and 80x40 feet in diameter, over 
the center of the building, where the general exhibit of the state will be 
placed. From this central gallery broad stairways lead to the upper floor, 
where the Natural History collection of the State University, the ladies' and 
school departments will be located. The parlors will also be found, in part, 
in this story, and also in the front portion of the ground floor. The estimated 
cost of this building is $23,000. Its exterior finish will be of stucco. This 
structure is all the more creditable to Kansas since the funds for its erection 
and fitting were raised by popular subscription, the legislature having failed 
to make any appropriation for the purpose. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



47 



CONNECTICUT. 

The home of the Connecticut exhibit is a pretty little building in the 
northeast corner of the Fair grounds,*near the lake shore. It has an excellent 
location, convenient to the intramural elevated railway, and has three staunch 
New England states for near neighbors — New Hampshire, New Jersey and 
Rhode Island, while to the east of it is Iowa's building. 

The Connecticut legislature made no appropriation for a building, but 
$50,000 has been raised by general subscription, and will be spent in the 
most judicious manner. Connecticut is also well represented in the general 
exhibit. Its state building was designed by Warren R. Briggs. of Bridgeport, 
and is of a compact, substantial style, well adapted to symbolize the common- 
wealth which it represents. 




CONNECTICUT STATE BUILDING. 



WYOMING. 

Wyoming, although young in statehood, was first to make an official 
appropriation for World's Fair purposes — the most liberal one, in proportion 
to population, that has been made. 

Messrs. Van Brunt & Howe, architects of the Electrical Building, were the 
designers of the Wyoming official headquarters, and will superintend its 
erection. It is located in the exti'eme north end of the grounds, command- 
ing an interesting view across the park-like portions of the grounds reserved 
for states buildings. It is also very convenient to the steamboat landing. 

The exterior appearance of the building is shown '^in the accompanying 
view. The interior arrangement consists of a main hall 24x40 feet, with two 
offices on the first floor, which will be used for the reception and entertain- 
ment of visitors, while the collective exhibit will be placed in the main hall. 
From here a circular stairway ascends to the second story, where the toilet 
rooms will be located. 

The building, like many others, will be stuccoed, in imitation of stone. 
Its estimated cost is $10,000. 

The people of Wyoming realize that the Columbian Exposition offers an 



48 A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 

unusual opportunity to make known to the world the varied material re- 
sources of their state — her coal lands, wells of oil, soda deposits and rich 
mmes of iron and precious metals. The exhibit is to be arranged with the 
object of showing forth the advantages of the state, both to home-seekers ot 
limited means and capitalists seeking fields of investment. To this end the 
classification includes Wyoming's best specimens of wheat, corn, oats, bar- 
ley, rye, buckweat, native and cultivated grasses and forage plants. 

Irrigation methods will be illustrated with maps and diagrams. The live- 
stock exhibit will include the best specimens of blooded horses and cattle, 
and illustrations of methods of handling range horses, cattle and sheep. 

The Committees on Horticulture and Floriculture expect to make their 
departments as complete as possible, representing all perishable articles by 
fac simile in wax or plaster. 

Specimens of the present and extinct animal life of the state, petrifaction 
and native gems, Indian implements, dress and ornaments will be carefully 
collected by the Committee on Scenic Exhibits, and will form a most inter- 
esting showing. 

This Committee will also endeavor, by means of paintings, photographs 
and models, to illustrate some of the most striking scenic features of Wyo- 
ming and its leading industries. 

IDAHO. 

The building of this young State reminds one of the Forestry Building in 
miniature. It is on the rustic order, and will cost about $15,000. The matter 
of the decoration is in the hands of the women of Idaho. One of the special 
features of the exhibit will be the mining exhibit. $120,000 will be spent on 
the whole Idaho exhibit, including the building. 

The lot reserved for Idaho is in the extreme north end of the Fair 
Grounds, between the sites of the Montana and New Mexico Buildings. 

NORTH DAKOTA 

Is building a pretty, hospitable looking headquarters in the northwestern por- 
tion of the States Reservation, next to the Kansas Building. Though only 
fifty feet by seventy-five, it contains a commodious assembly hall, well 
lighted, and with a wide fire-place in either end. It has also the necessary 
committee rooms, reading and toilet rooms. 

The ends of the structure are of brick, but the side walls are frame, with 
plaster panels. At the entrance to the assembly hall a large panel will bear 
the coat of arms of the State. The architect is Mr. J. L. Silsbee, of Chicago. 

COLORADO. 

The granite and marble for the beautiful building which Colorado will 
erect was given by the Colorado Marble & Mining Company, and the struc- 
ture was designed by Mr. A. T. E. Wendell, of Denver. Its contents will be 



A GUIDE TO THE COBUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



49 



as rich and varied as its exterior is imposing, and will be a very exhaustive 
showing of agricultural and mineral resources, as well as educational methods. 
Powers' famous piece of sculpture, " The Last of His Race," purchased by 
the women of Colorado at a cost of $10,000, will be one of the attractions of 
the eichibit. It represents an Indian, standing with uplifted spear, by the side 
of a dying buffalo, and tells its pathetic story more effectually than words 
could do. 

The entomological collection will be especially fine, as will also that of the 
state's flora, represented by more than 1,000 specimens of pressed plants, 
while there will be hundreds of wax models of perishable fruits. 




INDIANA STAT:e BUILDING, 



Altogether, the Colorado exhibit will be one of the most complete and 
attractive on the grounds, and one of which any state may be proud. It 
stands a little south of 57th street, in the west side of the grounds. 

■ INDIANA'S BUILDING 

Stands between those of California and Illinois, near the west end of the North 
Pond. Its architect is Henry Ives Cobb, of Chicago, designer of the Fisheries 
Building, and it will cost nearly $50,000. It is built entirely of Indiana ma- 
terial. The outside walls are of stone, pressed brick and terra cotta, the roof 
of Indiana tile or iron. Its interior finish will be very artistic, displaying the 



50 A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 

resources of the state in the line of decorative material, such as hard woods, 
plate glass, tile, etc. On the first floor is a large reception room, a lunch 
room, parcel and toilet rooms for men and women. 

As excursionists from Indiana will be constantly pouring into Chicago 
during the term of the Exposition, this building will be highly appreciated as 
a headquarters for resting, lunching and meeting friends. 

There will be no special exhibit in the building, which is rather of the na- 
ture of a club house. Indiana exhibits, however, will be prominently dis- 
played in all the main buildings of the Exposition. 

WEST VIRGINIA 

Will be officially represented on the Fair grounds by a hospitable mansion, 
designed by Mr. J. L. Silsbee, of Chicago, and which will cost about $20,000. 
Its wide entrance and the broad verandas which extend around both wings 
will be a pleasant resting place for all visitors during the summer of 1893, 
"while within will be the usual accommodations found in the States Buildings. 
This state's exhibit will be found especially interesting in the departments 
of Horticulture, Forestry, Mining and the Liberal Arts. 

TEXAS. 

The Lone Star State will have a handsome building on a large lot at the 
north end of the grounds, with Kansas and Utah for near neighbors. It will 
be 85 feet by 250, and 70 feet high. It is a good example of Spanish renais- 
sance, being modeled after the old missions, but of a different type from that 
followed in the California building. Gordon & Laub, of San Antonio, are the 
architects. The building is nearly square, with a square tower on each 
corner, connected by two-storied loggias. Both the main building and the 
towers are roofed with red-brown Spanish tile. There will be elaborate carv- 
ings around the windows and in the spandi'els of the arches. 

The building has a wing 150 long on the east side, in the center of which 
is a richly carved doorway, through which one passes to the assembly room, 
committee rooms and offices of the executive commission. The State of 
Texas raised over $300,000 for the Exposition, Galveston alone contributing 
$150,000. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

The Massachusetts Building, of purely colonial architecture, is a model of 
the old Hancock house, for many years a landmark of Boston, the home of 
John Hancock when he was governor of the State, and closely involved in 
many important events of early New England history. The surrounding lawn 
will be treated in keeping with the building, and adorned with the varieties 
of flowers that Puritan dames cultivated in Revolutionary times. 

Messrs. Peabody & Stearns, of^Boston, designers of the Machinery Build- 
ing, are superintending the erection of the Massachusetts State Building. It 
will be used simply as a club-house and official headquarters, and incidentally 
it is a most interesting exhibit in itself. The exhibit proper of the state, on 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



51 



which $75,000 were expended, is distributed among the main departments of 
the Exposition. It is particularly strong in the Educational, Art and Mechan- 
ical exhibits, and also makes an excellent showing in Horticultural Hall. 




MICHIGAN STATE BUILDING. 



MICHIGAN. 

The Michigan Building stands at the west side of the States Buildings 
Reservation, with Colorado to the west of it and Ohio to the east. It was de- 
signed by M. L. Smith & Son, of Detroit, and will cost, when completed, 
about $50,000, over half of which sum has been donated from other sources 
than the state appropriation, which was only $20,000. 

It will contain an extensive exhibit of the mineral, lumber and agricul- 
tural interests of this thriving state. There will also be a fine display of the 
manufactures of Michigan, and its educational methods. 

It is 140 feet by 100 in dimensions, and three stories high. The first floor 
will be given up to the offices of the State Board, ladies' parlors, reading 
rooms, etc. On the second floor are the two halls for a historical exhibit, In- 
dian relics and curiosities,- and an assembly hall as well as a room for board 
meetings. In the third story are apartments for members of the Michigan 
State Board, the Secretary and attendants. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 53 



WISCONSIN. 

The Wisconsin building is located on a triangular shaped lot, with the 
building of the state of Indiana to the south of it, and those of Michigan and 
Ohio on the north. Its principal entrances will be to the east and west, and 
will be exactly alike. The view from the east will be especially fine, as the 
building faces on the lagoon between the Illinois State Building and the 
Palace of Fine Arts ; while the west front faces the reservations of California, 
Colorado and Washington, and is almost equally attractive. 

The front fa9ades of the Wisconsin Building measure 90 feet, and the 
depth of the structure is 50 feet ; these figures do not include the wide 
verandas running the entire length of the east and west fronts, and two circu- 
lar porches in the center of the north and south elevations. William Waters, 
of Oshkosh, is the designer and architect. Its estimated cost is $29,600. 

All of the material used in the construction of the building is produced in 
the state. For three feet above grade the walls are of Superior brown stone; 
above this the walls of the hrst story are of pressed red brick, and the upper 
story is finished with shingles. Massive brown stone pillars will support the 
corners of the porches, and be placed also at the main entrances. In addition 
two finely polished granite columns will support the gables of the front and 
rear porches, where will be placed the coat of arms of the state, modeled in 
staff, by Miss Winterbotham, of Eau Claire. 

The building is in the modern domestic style of architecture, which will 
add to its inviting aspect as headquarters for Wisconsin people at the Fair. 

Within, a lobby or general reception room, 90 feet long, will offer a pleas- 
ant resting place. This will be finished in polished red and white Wisconsin 
oak, with paneled ceiling and fluted columns, supporting two arches deco- 
rated with fretwork. Opening from this lobby will be the ladies' reception 
room, post-office, intelligence office, cloak rooms, etc., all finished in native 
hard woods. 

From the center of the lobby a grand staircase of highly polished, hand- 
carved white oak, rises to the upper floor. Midway, on a broad landing, will 
be placed a Venetian glass window, representing the city of Superior, Wis- 
consin — the gift of the citizens of Douglas county; and at the head of the 
staircase, the doors leading to the balcony will contain stained glass panels, 
the motive of decoration being the state's coat of arms. 

The three large rooms on this second floor will be occupied by the exhibit 
of the State Historical Society and an art loan exhibition, a readingroom and 
offices of the State Board. In the third story will be sleeping apartments for 
attendants. The furnishings of the building will be in keeping with its 
finish. It will be lighted by electricity, and two magnificent fireplaces, in the 
main lobby, will provide against discomfort on cool, damp days. Wisconsin 
mineral waters will flow freely from fountains in various parts of the building, 
and in every detail it is intended to be a most home-like and attractive spot 
for all Wisconsin sight-seers and their friends. 



54 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



RHODE ISLAND'S BUILDING 

Is located just north of that of Massachusetts. It is a modest little structure, 
of Doric architecture, designed by Messrs. Stone, Carpenter & Willson, of 
Providence, and will cost about $10,000. 

Three arched entrances grouped together admit visitors to a porch 20 feet 
in width, off which is the main hall, 20 by 42 feet in dimensions. The Secre- 
tary of the Rhode Island Commission will have his office on this floor, while 
in the second story will be the ladies' parlor, 12 feet by 24, a room for the 
Governor, and two for the Commissioners. 




RHODK ISLAND STATE BUILDING. 

There will be no particular exhibit in the building, Rhode Island being 
well represented in all the main buildings of the Exposition. The national 
flag will float from the flag-staff over the main entrance, and on the cornice 
below will be the shield of the state. 

VIRGINIA. 

The Virginia Building will be an exact representation of the Mount Vernon 
Mansion, in Fairfax county, Virginia, where Washington lived for many years^ 
and where he died. The Mount Vernon homestead came into George Wash- 
ington's hands from his brother, Lawrence Washington. It was built by 
their father early in the eighteenth century. 

The main structure will be 94 feet across the front, by 32 feet deep, with 
an attic and two-story portico extending the length of the front, and finished 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 55 

on top with an iron railing on a level with the dormer windows of the top 
story. 

Two colonnades extend back from the wings of the house a distance of 
twenty feet, each connecting with a one and a half story building 40X 20, 
such* as were called " dependencies." 

Altogether there are twenty-five rooms in the structure. On the first and 
second floors of the main building there are eleven rooms, in the attic six, 
and in each of the dependencies four rooms. The largest rooms in the build- 
ing are the banquet hall, 31x23 feet, and the library, 16x19 feet, the main 
entrance hall, Washington's chamber, in which he died, upon the second 
floor, and Mrs. Washington's chamber in the attic, to which she removed 
after her husband's death, and which she occupied during the remainder of 
her life on account of its being the only room in the house which looked out 
upon his tomb. 

In the main hall is a large stairway four feet wide, ascending by platforms 
to the floors above. On the first platform of the stairway there is an old 
Washington family clock, a very interesting historical relic. 

This hall is furnished with antique sofas and pictures of the last century. 
The rooms upon the first floor are ornamented by heavy carved and moulded 
wood trimmings and handsome mantles, very antique. This Virginia build- 
ing will not only be an exact representation in every particular of the old 
Mount Vernon structure, but everything within it will also be of the same char- 
acter. Nothing modern will be seen in the building, except the people and 
library of books by the Virginia authors. As far as can be done the building 
will be furnished with articles which are being collected from all over the 
state, the heirlooms of old Virginia families, and with portraits of the same 
character. Whatever may be lacking in furnishing the building with arti- 
cles of this character will be supplied with furniture made after the same old 
fashion. 

The buildmg will be presided over by the lady assistant of the Virginia 
Board, Mrs. Lucy Preston Beale, a daughter of Hon. Ballard Preston, and a 
granddaughter to General Preston, a former Governor of Virginia. 

She will have for the attendants in the building old Virginia negroes, and 
will undertake to represent in every particular an old Virginia home of the 
colonial period. There will be a very rare collection of relics of colonial 
times and of the Revolutionary War, and everything which is antique, 
amongst which will probably be exhibited the original will of George Wash- 
ington. 

The library is to be furnished entirely with books written by Virginians, or 
relating to Virginia, quite a large collection of which has already been made, 
and ornamented with old Virginia portraits, views and other relics of the 
colonial period and the last century. Altogether the building with the fur- 
nishings will be unique and unequaled in its character and appointments, 
and nothing like it will be found elsewhere except at Mount Vernon itself. 
The building is centrally located in the States Reservation, with North 
Carolina's building on the east, and West Virginia and Pennsylvania to the 
north and south. 



56 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



WASHINGTON'S BUILDING, 

220 feet long by 140 in width, stands on a pleasant avenue just south of the 
57th street entrance, with Colorado's building to the south of it, and South 
Dakota on the north. It is built entirely of material brought from the state, 
the lumber coming from far-off Puget Sound, while the main entrance, an 
important decorative feature, is of granite, marble and ore from Washington's 
quarries. This young state has spent $100,000 in collecting an exhibit which 
shall be worthy of its resources, and $50,000 in the constructing of its official 




WASHINGTON STATE) BUII.DING. 

headquarters. At first view, the building, with its quaint towers, reminds 
one of a Holland residence and wind mill. It is unlike any other structure 
on the grounds, and sure to invite favorable attention to the enterprising 
state which it represents. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

The Pennsylvania State Building now in course of erection is to cost $69,700, 
and about $20,000 will be expended for decorations and furnishing. It is located 
on a delightful site, near the Fifty-seventh street entrance, and commanding 
a view of the lake and the Art Palace. The style of architecture is Colonial, 
reproducing the salient features and especially the historic clock- tower of 
Independence Hall in Philadelphia, in which will be hung the old bell 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



57 



which "proclaimed Hberty throughout the world" — thus constituting a local 
landmark that will be a source of gratification to thousands of visitors. It is 
being constructed by Pennsylvania mechanics, exclusively of Pennsylvania 
material. The first and second stories will be of Philadelphia pressed brick. 
The floors will be of native marble and woods, and the walls will be orna- 
mented with wainscot panelings taken from Pennsylvania forests. This rest- ^ 
ing place for Pennsylvanians at the great Fair will cover an area of 9,000 
square feet, and the broad and graceful piazzas by which it will be sur- 
rounded will duplicate this space. The front entrance opens into a central 




NEBRASKA STATE BUILDING. 



rotunda, 30 feet in diameter and 40 feet high. To the right and left will be 
general reception rooms, with toilet and dressing-room accessories. In the 
rear the exhibition room will extend the entire width of the building. The 
walls will be ornamented with the portraits of distinguished Pennsylvanians, 
and many rare documents of historical interest will be displayed. Stately 
and imposing as will be the exterior of the building, its interior recesses will 
be crowded with objects of absorbing interest, not only to Pennsylvanians, 
but to the people of the entire world. 

Broad, winding staircases lead to the second story, where the waiting- 
rooms and offices of the Executive Commissioner will be located. There will 
also be a room devoted to the use of press correspondents, and a room fur- 
nished with newspaper files for the use of the general public. The doors and 
windows of the second floor open upon broad verandas, admirably arranged 



58 A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 

for promenading and sight-seeing, and outside staircases lead to the roof gar- 
den, which, besides furnishing a bird's-eye view of the grounds, will be in 
itself a spot of floral loveliness and quiet retirement from the busy throng 
below. 

From this brief description it will be seen that the main purpose held 
steadily in view in the design and construction of the State Building is to fur- 
nish spacious and comfortable quarters, where Pennsylvanians in attendance 
at the Exposition may meet each other and seek relief from sight-seeing in 
social intercourse, amid historical and other surroundings which will tend to 
illustrate the influence of the Commonwealth on the development and growth 
of the country. 

NEBRASKA. 

The building erected by the State of Nebraska is in a fine position, just 
within the Fifty-seventh street entrance to the park, on the north side of the 
boulevard; is two stories in height, and of colonial architecture. Its frame is 
of wood, staff-covered, like most of the state buildings. 

It covers 100x60 feet of ground, and each floor will have 2,040 square feet 
of floor space, while its height to the eaves is 32 feet. Mr. H. Voss, of 
Omaha, is the architect, and the estimated cost of the' completed building is 
$14,000. 



THE MIDWAY PLAISANCE 

Is the boulevard, six hundred feet wide, extending from the Fair Grounds to 
Washington Park, seven blocks westward. It lies between Fifty-ninth 
and Sixtieth streets, starting exactly in the rear of the Woman's Building, 
and is now being rapidly transformed from a smooth, lawn-bordered pleasure 
drive into a bazaar of all nations, given over to the most cosmopolitan com- 
mercial life imaginable. Here, from May to November, next year, people 
from all the corners and ends of the earth will meet together, exhibiting the 
characteristic manufactures and products of their distant homes, their social, 
religious, domestic and business customs, in friendly rivalry. 

As the more advanced nations are represented in the main Exposition 
buildings, it has remained for exhibitors in the Midway Plaisahce to show 
in miniature the life of many parts of the world about which little is prac- 
tically known in America and the most civilized parts of Europe. 

" From Greenland's icy mountains, from India's coral strands," from 
Alaska and Siberia, from the interior of South America and the islands of 
the South Seas will come shy, sad-eyed natives, ill at ease in the hurry and 
confusion of our civilization, but learning lessons which will undoubtedly 
have a potent influence when they return to their own people. 

Dignified Turks and Arabians, with the courteous manners of the Moslem, 
will jostle nervous, gesticulating Frenchmen and Americans in the streets of 
the Midway Plaisance. Fierce African chiefs will find themselves over- 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 59 

awed by a thousand alarms unknown in their native jungles. Stolid Esqui- 
maux will gaze wonderingly at swift Japanese runners drawing jinrickshas ; 
there will be Nautch girls from Java, a King of Dahomey, with a village of 
retainers and possibly a regiment of his famous Amazons, a Sultan or Maha- 
raja of* Jahore, and possibly even a Shah and a Mikado may visit the 
grounds during the summer. 

The Midway Plaisance will be a mile of wonders to the simply curious, 
an inexhaustible field for the student of sociology, and a most fascinating re- 
sort for thousands of visitors every day during the great Fair. 

On either side of the Plaisance a passage-way twenty-five feet wide is 
reserved for the use of emergency-wagons, fire and police patrol, etc., and 
for the wagons which bring supplies to the various villages and other exhibits. 

A covered walk extends lengthwise through the center of the Plaisance, 
broken only by the great Ferris wheel, which stands in the western half of 
the grounds. Along the southern boundary runs 

THE BARRE SLIDING RAILWAY, 

A French invention, which was shown at the Paris Exposition in 1889. It is 
an elevated road, the cars having no wheels. The rail is eight inches wide, 
the substitute for a wheel being a shoe which sets over the side of the rail and 
is practically water-tight. Immediately behind each shoe is a pipe con- 
nection, through which water is forced under the shoe at a pressure of 150 
pounds, which raises it about one-sixteenth of an inch from the rail. Con- 
nected with every second car of the railway is a turbine motor, which gets its 
power from the same source as does the pipe, extending the extreme length 
of the road and lying under the track in sections of fifty feet; that is, the 
application power is changed at every length of that distance. The cars are 
claimed to have a speed of 120 to 160 miles an hour, which certainly ought to 
satisfy the most rabid advocates of rapid transit. A speed of 100 miles an 
hour has been demonstrated on a track one-third of a mile long. 

THE TOWER OF BABEL. 

At the east end of the Plaisance will stand a tower, 100 feet in diameter 
at the base and 400 feet high. An electric railway will follow a spiral course 
to the top of the tower, where an excellent bird's-eye view of the Fair Grounds 
and surrounding country can be obtained, and where various scientific experi- 
ments in the meterological line will be conducted. A full chime of bells, of 
beautiful tone, will be placed in the top of the tower. 

EXHIBIT OF IRISH INDUSTRIES. 

Just within the eastern entrance of the Plaisance, adjoining the reserva- 
tion of the Tower of Babel on the south, will be the exhibit of the industries 
of Ireland. It is intended to construct, on this reservation, a perfect model 
of the ancient castle of Donegal, famous in song and story, refitting some of 
the rooms in appropriate style to contain the exhibit. 



6o A -GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 

THE JAPANESE BAZAAR, 

On the north side of the covered walk, and a little west of the Irish exhibit, 
will not be so much of a novelty to American eyes, perhaps, as will the ex- 
hibits of other nations, but will nevertheless be extremely interesting to all 
visitors. It will be operated under contract with the Imperial Japanese Com- 
mission. 

THE ANIMAL SHOW, 

Which is directly across the way from the Japanese Bazaar, comes from 
Germany, under the charge of Herr Hagenbeck. It aptly demonstrates the 
ability of man to so domesticate wild animals that they will live peacefully 
together. This "happy family" is a troupe of from sixty to ninety trained 
animals, including lions, tigers, elephants and many less powerful species, 
whose performances will doubtless be very interesting. 

THE DUTCH SETTLEMENT 

Will occupy two large lots, extending from one side of the Plaisance to the 
other, adjoining on the west the exhibits just described. 

The Dutch settlement is rather a misnomer, since the people and their 
exhibits come from the Fiji, Phillippine, and Solomon Islands, Samoa, Java, 
Borneo, New Zealand and the Polynesian Archipelago, under the care of the 
agents of the Oceanic Trading Company. 

Among other features of this exhibit will be a building 60 feet long, in 
which the people from the Philippine Islands will be employed in making 
cigars and peculiar kinds of cloth, which are very valuable ; so much finer 
than silk that the material for a lady's dress pattern would be worth five hun- 
dred dollars. 

A theatre in which the Nautch girls will dance, and the Sultan of Jahore, 
who proposes to honor the Fair with his presence, will be among the other 
attractions. 

THE PANORAMAS OF THE BERNESE ALPS AND VOLCANO KILAUEA 

Have been accepted in lieu of exhibits from their respective countries, as 
conveying an amount of information equivalent to that represented by a com- 
mercial or agricultural exhibit. 

THE GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN VILLAGES 

Will be constructed after mediaeval models, the former being a representa- 
tion of houses in the upper Bavarian mountains. 

THE TURKISH VILLAGE 

Will be modeled after 6ne of the old streets in Stamboul, and will display the 
manufactures of Turkey in Europe, Turkey in Asia and Syria, and the cus- 
toms of their people. From a minaret tower the " Moslem call to prayer " 
will be sounded daily at the proper hours. 

Among other rare and interesting features of the exhibit will be an im- 
mense Turkish tent, covered almost entirely with rich embroidery, which 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 6l 

was made for the use of the Shah on his trips through his dominions. 
West of this village comes 

THE STREET IN CAIRO AND THE MOORISH PALACE, 

On eitfter side of the covered promenade, with the small lot for the Persian 
concession between them. About the two latter displays little has yet been 
made known. The street in Cairo will be lined with mosques, dance halls, 
shops filled with wares from Arabia and the Soudan. Many famous curiosi- 
ties from the museums in Cairo and Alexandria will be shown in a special 
museum erected on the street in Cairo. 

THE FERRIS WHEEL 

Is 250 feet in diameter, swung on an axle, the largest steel casting ever 
made, which rests on bars 135 feet high. From different points on the perim- 
eter of this wheel will be hung cars, similar to those used in elevators, each 
car touching the ground to receive and discharge passengers, and then, as 
the wheel is set in motion, making the complete circuit, 250 feet. 

The entire weight of the revolving mass is 2,300 tons, the largest moving 
weight ever erected. 

THE ICE RAILWAY. 

The concession made for the Ice Railway is a long, narrow lot, runnmg 
parallel with a section of the sliding railway, between the Moorish Palace 
and the Chinese tea-house,with a French cider press, and a model of St. Peter's 
Cathedral in incongruous juxtaposition on the north. It will be similar to a 
toboggan slide, and the company which is managing the enterprise, as an 
illustration of modern nrethods of refrigeration, expects to preserve a coating 
of ice on the slide through the hottest days of next summer. 

THE POMPEIAN HOUSE, 

Situated in the west end of the Plaisance, will prove a great attraction to all 
lovers of antiquities and students of history. It will conform, in its furnish- 
ings and decoration, as well as architecturally, to models in vogue when the 
Roman Empire was at the height of its glory, and will be "enriched with many 
works of art characteristic of the period which the house represents. 

The preceding description only outlines the most prominent attractions 
of the Midway Plaisance. There will be besides a host of minor ones, all 
very interesting, such as the captive balloon, the works of several artistic 
glass manufacturing companies, the National Hungarian Orpheum, the ex- 
hibits of Algeria and Tunis, and other concessions about which no informa- 
tion is yet obtainable. 

As most of these concessions are to individuals or corporations, with the 
privilege of sellings goods on the grounds, [a privilege denied to exhibitors in 
the Fair Grounds proper], a small admission will be charged to such enter- 
tainments as the panoramas and theatres, and for using the various means of 
transportation. 



A GUIDE TO THE COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 62 

The Exposition management has carefully provided for every detail of 
police and fire protection, and, [by the establishment of a medical bureau 
and hospital in charge of excellent physicians, with able assistants], for the 
care of guests who may become ill or injured on the grounds. 

Restaurants will be located in all parts of the grounds, nearly every large 
building containing several. The means of transit by land and water to all 
parts of the Park will be numerous and every arrangement which forethought 
and consideration could suggest has been made for the convenience of 
the great number of visitors expected. 

Of the prospective beauty of the grounds and buildings, it is almost need- 
less to speak. The greatest care has been taken to so harmonize all individual 
features of construction and arrangement as to produce the most artistic effect 
of the whole, and the result has been even finer than would at first have seemed 
possible. Most of the different architects selected by the Exposition man- 
agement had benefited in former years, more or less, by the instruction of 
Mr. Richard Hunt, President of the American Institute of Architects, and 
designer of the Administration Building, and have cheerfully cooperated with 
him and the Chief of Construction, as well as the landscape gardeners, 01m- 
stead & Codman, in all suggestions as to general effect. 

It will be seen that the Exposition has far outgrown the limits of its 
original plan. The demands for space from foreign nations and interests at 
home long ago exceeded the capacity of the large grounds. The cordial 
cooperation of foreign governments demonstrates that the whole civilized 
world is interested in the enterprise, and there can be no doubt that visitors 
to the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893 will witness the most brilliant 
celebration of the progress of civilization which the world has ever known. 



25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 



U. S. GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 

II S NAVY EXHIBIT. 

BuLmaS OF FRANCE, MEX.CO. GERMANY, ETC. 

ENGLAND'S BUILDING. 

ART GALLERIES AND ANNEX. 

ART GALU WASHINGTON. 

RlllLDING OF THt b 1 M 1 "^ ^' 

BUILDIN PENNSYLVANIA. 

BUILDING OF THE bl A I t v.' 

-•--ro^;rEr.:;::E:"sr.sE..s. 

BUILDING OF THE SlAic^y 

PAVILION. 

WOODED ISLAND. 




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